5,6-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one

In the title compound, C13H12O2, the dihedral angle between the pyran­one and phenyl rings is 57.55 (9)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by π–π stacking inter­actions between the parallel pyran­one rings of neighboring mol­ecules with distances of 3.5778 (11) Å and 3.3871 (11) Å between the planes. C—H⋯O interactions also occur

2-[(5-Amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(4-chloro­phen­yl)meth­yl]malononitrile

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C20H16ClN5, the dihedral angle between the pyrazole ring and the phenyl ring is 54.7 (1)° and that between the pyrazole ring and the chloro-substituted phenyl ring is 72.4 (1)°. The methyl H atoms are disordered over two positions with site occupancy factors of ca 0.7 and 0.3. One amino H is disordered equally over two positions. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding

6,7-Dihydro-4-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-3-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C21H16N4O2, the dihedral angle between the meth­oxy-substituted benzene ring and the ring system formed by the pyridinone ring and the pyrazole ring is 57.4 (1)°, and that between the unsubstituted phenyl ring and the ring system is 135.6 (1)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked together via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

4-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro-3-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile ethanol solvate

In the structure of the title compound, C20H15BrN4O·C2H6O, the hydrogenated pyridinone ring adopts an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the bromo-substituted phenyl ring and the pyrazole ring is 79.6 (1)°, and that between the non-substituted phenyl ring and the pyrazole ring is 51.2 (1)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. A short inter­molecular N⋯Br contact [3.213 (4) Å] is present in the crystal structure

6-Amino-3-methyl-4-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-1-phenyl­pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile

The title compound, C20H14N6O2, contains four rings. The dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and the pyrazole ring is 1.9 (1)°, i.e. almost coplanar, which gives rise to a conjugated structure. The dihedral angle between the nitro-substituted phenyl ring and the pyridine ring is 76.3 (1)° and that between the pyrazole ring and the non-substituted phenyl ring is 40.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, symmetry-related mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

Chaihu-Longgu-Muli decoction improves sleep disorders by restoring orexin-A function in CKD mice

IntroductionChaihu-Longgu-Muli decoction (CLMD) is a well-used ancient formula originally recorded in the “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” written by the founding theorist of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Doctor Zhang Zhongjing. While it has been used extensively as a therapeutic treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as insomnia, anxiety and dementia, its mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsIn order to analyze the therapeutic mechanism of CLMD in chronic renal failure and insomnia, An adenine diet-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) model was established in mice, Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of CLMD on sleep behavior and cognitive function in CKD mice, as well as the production of insomnia related regulatory proteins and inflammatory factors.ResultsCLMD significantly improved circadian rhythm and sleep disturbance in CKD mice. The insomnia related regulatory proteins, Orexin, Orexin R1, and Orexin R2 in the hypothalamus of CKD mice decreased significantly, while Orexin and its receptors increased remarkably after CLMD intervention. Following administration of CLMD, reduced neuron loss and improved learning as well as memory ability were observed in CKD mice. And CLMD intervention effectively improved the chronic inflflammatory state of CKD mice.DiscussionOur results showed that CLMD could improve sleep and cognitive levels in CKD mice. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Orexin-A and increased phosphorylation level of CaMKK2/AMPK, which further inhibits NF-κB downstream signaling pathways, thereby improving the disordered inflammatory state in the central and peripheral system. However, More research is required to confirm the clinical significance of the study